Many African governments have committed to promoting inclusive agricultural growth in recent years, but their efforts often neglect the key role played by gender, according to a new report.<\/p>\n
Evidence shows that gender differences are affecting African countries\u2019 ability to meet their goals of ending hunger, reducing poverty, boosting trade, and increasing resilience to climate change and other risks.<\/p>\n
To achieve those outcomes, governments and development practitioners must understand how gender norms shape the context for agriculture, livelihoods, and well-being.<\/p>\n
Launched on November 11 during the inaugural session of the 2019\u00a0ReSAKSS Annual Conference<\/a>\u00a0in Lom\u00e9, Togo, The\u00a02019 Annual Trends and Outlook Report (ATOR)<\/i>\u00a0\u201cGender Equality in Rural Africa: From Commitments to Outcomes,\u201d<\/a>\u00a0pulls together the growing body of evidence needed to advance gender equality across the African continent and realize the 2014 Malabo Declaration to end hunger and increase resilience.<\/p>\n Published by the Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS), a program facilitated by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), this year\u2019s report\u00a0<\/i>applies a gender lens to several issues that must be addressed to fully achieve the Malabo commitments.<\/p>\n \u201cRealizing the Malabo commitments will not be possible without taking gender into account and working toward achieving gender equality,\u201d said Ruth Meinzen-Dick, IFPRI senior research fellow and co-editor of the report. \u201cMoreover, measuring progress toward these commitments and holding leaders accountable will not be possible without data systems that provide information on gender gaps.\u201d Gender norms \u2013 the culturally determined expectations about what it means to be a man or a woman in society \u2013 are increasingly recognized as important barriers that undermine women\u2019s economic empower\u00adment and prevent them from acting on opportunities.<\/p>\n These norms affect various facets of agriculture, such as who can own resources, who can participate in certain activities, and who can make decisions. The frequent exclusion of women from these facets prohibits key actors from fully contributing to production, often resulting in lower productivity and growth. In this way, gender norms can affect the performance of the entire agriculture sector.<\/p>\n Furthermore, effective political and agricultural leadership cannot be achieved if women are excluded from positions of influence. Shifting social norms can thus be as influential as monetary incentives or policy prescriptions in changing behaviour at scale.<\/p>\n \u201cWhat new about this year\u2019s ATOR,\u201d said Agnes Quisumbing, IFPRI senior research fellow and co-editor of the report, \u201cis that it highlights the many costs of gender inequality at all levels: from the individual to the household, the community, and the nation.\u201d<\/p>\n Gender norms and inequality have led to disparities in men\u2019s and women\u2019s incomes, assets, productive capacity, human capital, and overall well-being, the report says. For example, women continue to have less secure land tenure than men. Despite recent gender-friendly land reforms in several countries, in some places, women\u2019s access to land is decreasing.<\/p>\n Women also have less access to financial services and products. Although services such as credit, savings, and insurance can enhance women\u2019s economic prospects, the gender gap in financial inclusion is often worsened by women\u2019s lack of access to mobile phones, their lower literacy levels, and the norms that limit women\u2019s mobility and ownership of assets.<\/p>\n \u201cFinancial inclusion is a mechanism through<\/p>\n which women grow their businesses and investments, so closing the gap is critical to ensuring that women are able to make the investments that they need,\u201d said Jemimah Njuki, senior program officer at International Development Research Centre.<\/p>\n \u201cThis means making sure that financial institutions meet the needs of women, not changing women to fit them. We too often think about making women bankable, whereas what we should be doing is making financial institutions \u2018womenable\u2019\u201d.<\/p>\n To close the gender gap in agriculture, countries and development practitioners face an overarching need for better data on the influence and impact of gender. In the aspiration to eliminate hunger and poverty, rural women and girls in Africa south of the Sahara are a key demo\u00adgraphic, but data on many aspects of their lives are lacking.<\/p>\n The ATOR highlights the Women\u2019s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) as a reliable tool for measuring and tracking changes in women\u2019s empowerment over time and across countries, regions, and population subgroups.<\/p>\n Data and evidence, from tools such as the WEAI and on other indicators as well, can empower policymakers to move beyond commitments to equality and into integrating gender into programs and policies.<\/p>\n Research shows well-designed policies can simultaneously enhance gender equality and development outcomes by harnessing the untapped potential of women and girls.<\/p>\n \u201cThe most critical challenges facing the African continent are all going to require the best leadership possible,\u201d said Wanjiru Kamau-Rutenberg, director of AWARD.<\/p>\n \u201cIf we as a continent can solve gender inequalities, it will provide access to the kinds of top-notch leaders we need to solve these problems.\u201d<\/p>\n To build upon the evidence in the ATOR, researchers point to additional areas of work, including the need for more attention to women\u2019s participation in parts of the agricultural value chain beyond growing crops, such as their roles as processors, traders, exporters, and consumers. New research is also needed to identify how best to support women entrepreneurs in agriculture.<\/p>\n Despite the formidable impact of gender inequality, the researchers emphasized that recognizing the high costs of gender inequality is an essential step towards, spurring action. \u201cWe have reasons to be optimistic,\u201d said Meinzen-Dick.<\/p>\n \u201cWe have the knowledge and increasingly better data to commit to gender equality. Drawing together all of our political will, we can make informed decisions in future policy plans and programming to ensure women and men both benefit from agricultural growth.\u201d<\/p>\n Source: International Food Policy Research Institute<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Many African governments have committed to promoting inclusive agricultural growth in recent years, but their efforts often neglect the key role played by gender, according to a new report. Evidence shows that gender differences are affecting African countries\u2019 ability to meet their goals of ending hunger, reducing poverty, boosting trade, and increasing resilience to climate… <\/p>\n